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Special Focus

AWID is an international, feminist, membership organisation committed to achieving gender equality, sustainable development and women’s human rights

Protection of the Family

The Issue

Over the past few years, a troubling new trend at the international human rights level is being observed, where discourses on ‘protecting the family’ are being employed to defend violations committed against family members, to bolster and justify impunity, and to restrict equal rights within and to family life.

The campaign to "Protect the Family" is driven by ultra-conservative efforts to impose "traditional" and patriarchal interpretations of the family, and to move rights out of the hands of family members and into the institution of ‘the family’.

“Protection of the Family” efforts stem from:

  • rising traditionalism,
  • rising cultural, social and religious conservatism and
  • sentiment hostile to women’s human rights, sexual rights, child rights and the rights of persons with non-normative gender identities and sexual orientations.

Since 2014, a group of states have been operating as a bloc in human rights spaces under the name “Group of Friends of the Family”, and resolutions on “Protection of the Family” have been successfully passed every year since 2014.

This agenda has spread beyond the Human Rights Council. We have seen regressive language on “the family” being introduced at the Commission on the Status of Women, and attempts made to introduce it in negotiations on the Sustainable Development Goals.


Our Approach

AWID works with partners and allies to jointly resist “Protection of the Family” and other regressive agendas, and to uphold the universality of human rights.

In response to the increased influence of regressive actors in human rights spaces, AWID joined allies to form the Observatory on the Universality of Rights (OURs).  OURs is a collaborative project that monitors, analyzes, and shares information on anti-rights initiatives like  “Protection of the Family”.

Rights at Risk, the first OURs report, charts a map of the actors making up the global anti-rights lobby, identifies their key discourses and strategies, and the effect they are having on our human rights.   

The report outlines “Protection of the Family” as an agenda that has fostered collaboration across a broad range of regressive actors at the UN.  It describes it as: “a strategic framework that houses “multiple patriarchal and anti-rights positions, where the framework, in turn, aims to justify and institutionalize these positions.”

 

Related Content

Snippet FEA Brisa Escobar Quote (ES)

“Mis sueños y objetivos siempre han sido los mismos que los de Lohana Berkins: que la cooperativa siga de pie y no cierre. Seguir dándole este lugar a nuestras compañeras travesti, darles trabajo y un lugar de apoyo”

Brisa Escobar,
presidenta de la Cooperativa

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Reclaiming the Commons

Definition

There are varied conceptualizations about the commons notes activist and scholar Soma Kishore Parthasarathy.

Conventionally, they are understood as natural resources intended for use by those who depend on their use. However, the concept of the commons has expanded to include the resources of knowledge, heritage, culture, virtual spaces, and even climate. It pre-dates the individual property regime and provided the basis for organization of society. Definitions given by government entities limit its scope to land and material resources.

The concept of the commons rests on the cultural practice of sharing livelihood spaces and resources as nature’s gift, for the common good, and for the sustainability of the common.

Context

Under increasing threat, nations and market forces continue to colonize, exploit and occupy humanity’s commons.

In some favourable contexts, the ‘commons’ have the potential to enable women, especially economically oppressed women, to have autonomy in how they are able to negotiate their multiple needs and aspirations.

Feminist perspective

Patriarchy is reinforced when women and other oppressed genders are denied access and control of the commons.

Therefore, a feminist economy seeks to restore the legitimate rights of communities to these common resources. This autonomy is enabling them to sustain themselves; while evolving more egalitarian systems of governance and use of such resources. A feminist economy acknowledges women’s roles and provides equal opportunities for decision-making, i.e. women as equal claimants to these resources.

Photo: Ana Abelenda / AWID, 2012

Learn more about this proposition

Part of our series of


  Feminist Propositions for a Just Economy

Snippet - WITM Why now_col 2 - AR

توفير الموارد للحركات النسوية هو أمر أساسي لتوفير حاضر أكثر سلماً وعدالة ومستقبل أكثر تحرراً.

في العقد الأخير، خصّص الممولون/ات أموال أكبر للمساواة الجندرية، لكن فقط 1% من التمويل الخيري والتنموي تحرك بشكل مباشر لتمويل حركات التغيير الاجتماعي بقيادة نسوية.

كي نسعى إلى الوفرة، والخروج من هذه الندرة المزمنة، يدعو استطلاع "أين المال" المناصرات/ين النسويات/ين ومناصرات/ين العدالة الجندرية بمشاركتنا في مشوار جمع الإفادات وبناء القضايا لحشد أموال أكثر وأفضل كي نغيرّ موازين القوى في المناخ التمويلي القائم اليوم. يتضامن استطلاع "أين المال" مع الحركات التي يستمر إخفاءها وتهميشها والتي لا يتاح لها تمويلا أساسيا، مرن وطويل الأمد مبن على الثقة. ويسلّط استطلاع "أين المال؟" الضوء على وضع التمويل، يتحدّى الحلول الزائفة ويُظهر كيف تحتاج نماذج التمويل أن تتغير كي تزدهر الحركات وتتعامل مع تحديات الزمن المركبة.

Selena “Rocky” Malone

Engagée auprès de jeunes lesbiennes, gays, bisexuels, transgenres, intersexuels, queers, et transgenres (appelés Brotherboys-BB et Sistergirls-SS dans la communauté aborigène en Australie), Rocky faisait preuve de vision et d'un leadership inspirants.

Rocky avait commencé sa carrière auprès de la police du Queensland en tant qu'agent de liaison. Faire une différence était très important pour elle. Elle a mené un travail de soutien impressionnant auprès de jeunes de cette communauté en tant que responsable du service jeunesse « Open Doors » (portes ouvertes). Rocky a œuvré dans des situations complexes liées spécifiquement aux questions de genre et d'identité sexuelle.Elle avait un don naturel dans ce domaine: c’était une leader communautaire solide, une femme sereine, une amie fidèle, une personne aimante et attentionnée ainsi qu’une actrice du changement. Rocky était membre fondatrice d’IndigiLez Leadership and Support Group. 

En 2016, à la Cour suprême de Brisbane, l'ancien juge de la Haute Cour, Michael Kirby, a cité le nom de Rocky lorsqu'il a loué le travail du service juridique de la communauté LGBTI au fil des années. Rocky s'est engagée très fermement en faveur des droits humains de la communauté « LGBTIQBBSG », elle a repoussé les limites et induits des changements de manière respectueuse et aimante.


 

Rocky Malone, Australia

Snippet FEA Map of Georgia (FR)

Cette image montre les pays de la Géorgie et de l'Espagne en rose corail turquoise avec des épingles jaunes indiquant l'Espagne, l'Union OTRAS, et l'Union du réseau de solidarité de la Géorgie sur les cartes.
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Key opposition strategies and tactics

Despite their rigidity in matters of doctrine and worldview, anti-rights actors have demonstrated an openness to building new kinds of strategic alliances, to new organizing techniques, and to new forms of rhetoric. As a result, their power in international spaces has increased.


There has been a notable evolution in the strategies of ultra conservative actors operating at this level. They do not only attempt to tinker at the edges of agreements and block certain language, but to transform the framework conceptually and develop alternative standards and norms, and avenues for influence.

Strategy 1: Training of UN delegates

Ultra conservative actors work to create and sustain their relationships with State delegates through regular training opportunities - such as the yearly Global Family Policy Forum - and targeted training materials.

These regular trainings and resources systematically brief delegates on talking points and negotiating techniques to further collaboration towards anti-rights objectives in the human rights system. Delegates also receive curated compilations of ‘consensus language’ and references to pseudo-scientific or statistical information to bolster their arguments.

The consolidated transmission of these messages explains in part why State delegates who take ultra-conservative positions in international human rights debates frequently do so in contradiction with their own domestic legislation and policies.

Strategy 2: Holding international convenings

Anti-rights actors’ regional and international web of meetings help create closer links between ultra conservative Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), States and State blocs, and powerful intergovernmental bodies. The yearly international World Congress of Families is one key example.

These convenings reinforce personal connections and strategic alliances, a key element for building and sustaining movements. They facilitate transnational, trans-religious and dynamic relationship-building around shared issues and interests, which leads to a more proactive approach and more holistic sets of asks at the international policy level on the part of anti-rights actors.

Strategy 3: Placing reservations on human rights agreements

States and State blocs have historically sought to undermine international consensus or national accountability under international human rights norms through reservations to human rights agreements, threatening the universal applicability of human rights.  

The Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) has received by far the most reservations, most of which are based on alleged conflict with religious law. It is well-established international human rights law that evocations of tradition, culture or religion cannot justify violations of human rights, and many reservations to CEDAW are invalid as they are “incompatible with the object and purpose” of CEDAW. Nevertheless, reference to these reservations is continually used by States to dodge their human rights responsibilities.

‘Reservations’ to UN documents and agreements that are not formal treaties - such as Human Rights Council and General Assembly resolutions - are also on the rise.

Strategy 4: Creating a parallel human rights framework

In an alarming development, regressive actors at the UN have begun to co-opt existing rights standards and campaign to develop agreed language that is deeply anti-rights.

The aim is to create and then propagate language in international human rights spaces that validates patriarchal, hierarchical, discriminatory, and culturally relativist norms.

One step towards this end is the drafting of declarative texts, such as the World Family Declaration and the San Jose Articles, that pose as soft human rights law. Sign-ons are gathered from multiple civil society, state, and institutional actors; and they are then used a basis for advocacy and lobbying.

Strategy 5: Developing  alternative ‘scientific’ sources

As part of a strategic shift towards the use of non-religious discourses, anti-rights actors have significantly invested in their own ‘social science’ think tanks. Given oxygen by the growing conservative media, materials from these think tanks are then widely disseminated by conservative civil society groups. The same materials are used as the basis for advocacy at the international human rights level.  

While the goals and motivation of conservative actors derive from their extreme interpretations of religion, culture, and tradition, such regressive arguments are often reinforced through studies that claim intellectual authority. A counter-discourse is thus produced through a heady mix of traditionalist doctrine and social science.

Strategy 6: Mobilizing Youth

This is one of the most effective strategies employed by the religious right and represents a major investment in the future of anti-rights organizing.

Youth recruitment and leadership development, starting at the local level with churches and campuses, are a priority for many conservative actors engaged at the international policy level.  

This strategy has allowed for infiltration of youth-specific spaces at the United Nations, including at the Commission on the Status of Women, and creates a strong counterpoint to progressive youth networks and organizations.

Key anti-rights strategies

Strategy 7: Defunding and delegitimizing human rights mechanisms

When it comes to authoritative expert mechanisms like the UN Special Procedures and Treaty Monitoring Bodies and operative bodies like the UN agencies, regressive groups realize their potential for influence is much lower than with political mechanisms[1].

In response, anti-rights groups spread the idea that UN agencies are ‘overstepping their mandate,’ that the CEDAW Committee and other Treaty Bodies have no authority to interpret their treaties, or that Special Procedures are partisan experts working outside of their mandate. Anti-rights groups have also successfully lobbied for the defunding of agencies such as the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

This invalidation of UN mechanisms gives fuel to state impunity. Governments, when under international scrutiny, can defend their action on the basis that the reviewing mechanism is itself faulty or overreaching.

Strategy 8: Organizing online

Conservative non-state actors increasingly invest in social media and other online platforms to promote their activities, campaign, and widely share information from international human rights spaces.

The Spanish organization CitizenGo, for example, markets itself as the conservative version of Change.org, spearheading petitions and letter-writing campaigns. One recent petition, opposing the establishment of a UN international day on safe abortion, gathered over 172,000 signatures.


Overarching Trends:

  • Learning from the organizing strategies of feminists and other progressives.
  • Replicating and adapting successful national-level tactics for the international sphere.
  • Moving from an emphasis on ‘symbolic protest’ to becoming subversive system ‘insiders.’

By understanding the strategies employed by anti-rights actors, we can be more effective in countering them.

 


[1] The fora that are state-led, like the General Assembly, the Human Rights Council, and UN conferences like the Commission on the Status of Women and the Commission on Population and Development


Other Chapters

Read the full report

Snippet - WITM RESOURCES - PT

Recursos

(Disponível em inglês)

Zita Kavungirwa Kayange

Zita was a women’s rights activist who defended the rights of rural women in Greater Kivu.

She was the first Executive Director of UWAKI - a well known women’s organisation. Through her work with Women's Network for Rights and Peace (RFDP), and the Women's Caucus of South Kivu for Peace, she committed her life to helping to restore peace in the Eastern DRC. She spoke out strongly against the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.

In 2006, she put herself forward as a candidate in the first democratic elections in the DRC. Although she did not win, she continued to advocate for women’s rights and the South Kivu community remembers her fondly. 


 

Zita Kavungirwa Kayange, Republic Democratic of Congo

Snippet FEA collaborator and allies Photo 2 (EN)

The photo on depicts eight women standing together during a protest. Many are holding banners while Sopo is holding the megaphone close to the mouth of a woman worker with short red hair, wearing a white scarf and a black coat reading a manifesto.

Siete recomendaciones feministas de políticas para frenar los flujos financieros ilícitos

La creciente dominación de los mercados y las instituciones financieras internacionales en la definición de las políticas económicas globales ha tenido como resultado la captura del poder popular en aras del interés de las élites y las grandes corporaciones globales.

Este informe «Flujos financieros ilícitos» analiza su desproporcionado impacto de género y los marcos legales y políticos actuales que permiten a las corporaciones multinacionales beneficiarse del fraude fiscal en detrimento de las personas y el planeta.

El informe concluye con siete recomendaciones feministas de políticas para exigir transparencia y rendición de cuentas por parte del poder corporativo para frenar los flujos financieros ilícitos.


Recomendaciones de políticas para la incidencia

Los flujos financieros ilícitos están llamando la atención como nunca antes: ya sea en negociaciones para el desarrollo, como los que condujeron a la Agenda 2030 y a la Conferencia sobre Financiamiento para el
Desarrollo de Addis Abeba en 2015, u ocupando los titulares de los medios hegemónicos con la publicación de documentos filtrados sobre finanzas offshore conocidos como los «Panama Papers». En otro ejemplo, en un
referendum de febrero de 2017, el pueblo ecuatoriano votó para prohibir que políticxs y funcionarixs públicxs posean acciones, compañías o capital en paraísos fiscales. El Gobierno de Ecuador es ahora, dentro del grupo
G-77, una de las voces principales que reclaman en las Naciones Unidas la creación de un organismo tributario global para poner fin a los paraísos fiscales.

Esta atención pública potencialmente da impulso para que lxs feministas, los movimientos sociales y lxs defensores de la justicia tributaria presionen por la transformación del sistema financiero internacional, donde
se arraigan desigualdades globales, incluidas las desigualdades de género.

Ofrecemos aquí siete pedidos de políticas como contribución a los crecientes esfuerzos de incidencia de actores por la justicia social, feministas, por los derechos de las mujeres y por la igualdad de género.

1. Abordar los flujos financieros ilícitos como una violación de los derechos humanos y los derechos de las mujeres:

  • Los FFI impiden el cumplimiento de la obligación de los Estados de movilizar los máximos recursos disponibles para la realización de los derechos humanos, incluidos los compromisos de larga data sobre los derechos de las mujeres y la igualdad de género.
  • El aumento de la de la rendición de cuentas de las corporaciones es una posibilidad que está sobre la mesa del Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). Ya se ha establecido un grupo de trabajo abierto intergubernamental para elaborar un instrumento vinculante internacional que regule, según las normativas internacionales de derechos humanos, las actividades de las corporaciones transnacionales y otras empresas comerciales. Este proceso tiene el potencial de abordar la evasión fiscal corporativa como una violación de los derechos humanos, incluidos los derechos de las mujeres, y debería recibir más apoyo de los países del Norte y del Sur globales.

2. Garantizar que las corporaciones multinacionales paguen su parte:

  • • Desarrollar mecanismos internacionales para detener las prácticas fiscales fraudulentas y evitar las exenciones fiscales a las corporaciones. Los Estados miembros de las Naciones Unidas deberían iniciar negociaciones para redactar el borrador de una convención de la ONU para combatir las prácticas fiscales fraudulentas. La convención debería adoptar un sistema de consolidación y prorrateo para gravar las ganancias corporativas globales.
  • Revisar específicamente las regulaciones nacionales de los países ricos que requieren que las CMN paguen impuestos solo en el país de residencia y no en los países de actividad económica. Esta práctica daña sobre todo a los países en desarrollo, ya que cada vez pierden más base tributaria que se desplaza a jurisdicciones de baja o nula tributación. Al respecto deberían considerarse propuestas tales como el enfoque de tributación unitaria.

3. Apoyar el establecimiento de un organismo tributario internacional de las naciones Unidas:

  • Un organismo tributario de las Naciones Unidas, con iguales derechos de voto y membresía universal, debería tener la facultad de revisar la política tributaria nacional, regional y global y de garantizar que los Estados cumplan con los compromisos de larga data sobre derechos humanos, incluidos los derechos de las mujeres y la igualdad de género.

4. Promover la transparencia y la recolección de datos con perspectiva de género:

  • Deben realizarse mayores esfuerzos globales para pulir los datos comparables sobre fraude fiscal, por ejemplo, con datos desglosados por género que ponen al desnudo los prejuicios de género de ciertos sistemas tributarios.
  • Los países deben garantizar un esquema para el intercambio automático de información que garantice el acceso público y global a datos clave que afectan los recursos disponibles para la realización de los derechos humanos.
  • Implementar obligaciones informativas país por país para que las corporaciones multinacionales publiquen, como parte de sus informes anuales, las ganancias obtenidas y los impuestos pagados en cada país donde operan.
  • Debe haber más cooperación de los gobiernos para compartir sus registros públicos nacionales que dan a conocer los verdaderos beneficiarios de compañías, fideicomisos, fundaciones y estructuras legales similares, además de otra información financiera.

5. Promover la justicia tributaria a través de políticas fiscales nacionales progresivas:

  • Promover la justicia tributaria a través de políticas fiscales progresivas. Esto implica aumentar el peso de los impuestos directos sobre los ingresos de capital y los sectores sociales de alta rentabilidad y, al mismo tiempo, reducir y eliminar el peso tributario que recae en las mujeres y las personas pobres. Los segmentos precarizados de la sociedad, donde las mujeres están sobrerrepresentadas, no deberían terminar pagando más impuestos, en relación con sus ingresos, que los segmentos más adinerados, que a menudo se benefician de subsidios impositivos, moratorias y reducciones fiscales.
  • Los gobiernos deben revisar desde una perspectiva crítica los dañinos acuerdos comerciales y de inversión que otorgan incentivos y exenciones fiscales, que perpetúan la desigualdad y los prejuicios de género.

6. Garantizar la participación de las organizaciones por los derechos de las mujeres, los movimientos sociales y la sociedad civil progresista en sentido amplio:

  • Las decisiones sobre política económica y fiscal carecen a menudo de perspectiva de género. La interacción de los ministerios de género y de finanzas, y de estos con la sociedad civil y las defensoras de derechos humanos, es fundamental para entender mejor el impacto que tienen las decisiones sobre los ingresos públicos en los derechos de las mujeres y la igualdad de género.
  • Debe establecerse un ambiente propicio que proteja a las defensoras de derechos humanos y otrxs activistas (incluidxs lxs denunciantes y activistas para la justicia tributaria) que expongan el fraude fiscal e informen sobre la corrupción.

7. Poner fin a la impunidad de las actividades delictivas asociadas con los flujos financieros ilícitos y garantizar la rendición de cuentas:

  • Establecer un mecanismo coordinado global entre autoridades fiscales nacionales, mecanismos de derechos humanos e igualdad de género y unidades de inteligencia, para garantizar que las actividades delictivas asociadas con los FFI no continúen impunes.
  • Fortalecer los sistemas de justicia nacionales y globales para lograr la rendición de cuentas de individuos y entidades por la financiación de actividades delictivas a través de los FFI.

 


 

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Bessy Ferrera

Bessy Ferrera was a lifelong defender of the human rights of trans people, sex workers and HIV positive people in Honduras.

Bessy was also a member of Arcoíris, an organisation which supports the LGBTI+ community. She was also a focal point person for the Right Here, Right Now (Derechos aquí y Ahora) Platform of Honduras, and advocated strongly for full citizenship of trans people, and the passing of a gender identity law that would allow trans people to change their gender identity legally.

"Since the beginning of the year [2019] the trans community has been suffering a series of attacks, for defending, for demanding rights." - Rihanna Ferrera (Bessy’s sister)

Bessy was a sex worker, and in early July 2019, was shot to death by two men while working in the streets of Comayagüela. Her assailants were subsequently arrested. 

Bessy is one of many LGBTI+ rights defenders in Honduras, who were murdered because of their identities and work. Other companeras include: Cynthia Nicole, Angy Ferreira, Estefania "Nia" Zuniga, Gloria Carolina Hernandez Vasquez, Paola Barraza, Violeta Rivas, and Sherly Montoya.

Bessy’s case is emblematic of injustice and a much larger problem of the systematic violence the LGBTI+ community faces in Honduras as the state fails to guarantee rights offer and fails to offer protection. This has created a culture of impunity.

Despite the risks LGBTI+ defenders in Honduras face, they continue their work to challenge and resist violence, and fight stigma and discrimination on a daily basis. 

“If I die, let it be for something good not for something futile. I don’t want to die running away, being a coward. If I die, I want people to say that I died fighting for what is mine.” - member of Arcoíris 

Snippet FEA Workers demonstrations in Georgia 3 (ES)

La foto muestra una manifestación donde una multitud sostiene carteles verdes y blancos.
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