Guatemala - Rural Women Diversify Incomes and Build Resilience
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Priority Areas
Supporting feminist, women’s rights and gender justice movements to thrive, to be a driving force in challenging systems of oppression, and to co-create feminist realities.
Building Feminist Economies is about creating a world with clean air to breath and water to drink, with meaningful labour and care for ourselves and our communities, where we can all enjoy our economic, sexual and political autonomy.
In the world we live in today, the economy continues to rely on women’s unpaid and undervalued care work for the profit of others. The pursuit of “growth” only expands extractivism - a model of development based on massive extraction and exploitation of natural resources that keeps destroying people and planet while concentrating wealth in the hands of global elites. Meanwhile, access to healthcare, education, a decent wage and social security is becoming a privilege to few. This economic model sits upon white supremacy, colonialism and patriarchy.
Adopting solely a “women’s economic empowerment approach” is merely to integrate women deeper into this system. It may be a temporary means of survival. We need to plant the seeds to make another world possible while we tear down the walls of the existing one.
We believe in the ability of feminist movements to work for change with broad alliances across social movements. By amplifying feminist proposals and visions, we aim to build new paradigms of just economies.
Our approach must be interconnected and intersectional, because sexual and bodily autonomy will not be possible until each and every one of us enjoys economic rights and independence. We aim to work with those who resist and counter the global rise of the conservative right and religious fundamentalisms as no just economy is possible until we shake the foundations of the current system.
Our Actions
Our work challenges the system from within and exposes its fundamental injustices:
Advance feminist agendas: We counter corporate power and impunity for human rights abuses by working with allies to ensure that we put forward feminist, women’s rights and gender justice perspectives in policy spaces. For example, learn more about our work on the future international legally binding instrument on “transnational corporations and other business enterprises with respect to human rights” at the United Nations Human Rights Council.
Mobilize solidarity actions: We work to strengthen the links between feminist and tax justice movements, including reclaiming the public resources lost through illicit financial flows (IFFs) to ensure social and gender justice.
Build knowledge: We provide women human rights defenders (WHRDs) with strategic information vital to challenge corporate power and extractivism. We will contribute to build the knowledge about local and global financing and investment mechanisms fuelling extractivism.
Create and amplify alternatives: We engage and mobilize our members and movements in visioning feminist economies and sharing feminist knowledges, practices and agendas for economic justice.
“The corporate revolution will collapse if we refuse to buy what they are selling – their ideas, their version of history, their wars, their weapons, their notion of inevitability. Another world is not only possible, she is on her way. On a quiet day, I can hear her breathing”.
Online Activism in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
In March 2016, as part of the bi-weekly member profile stories, we met Linda Nibango, a feminist journalist based in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Linda, an AWID member since May 2015, told us about her vision for this year’s International Women’s Day, the impact of online journalism, the right to freedom of expression, and the campaign to #FreeRebekaKavugho. She has also contributed to IWD 2016: Voices of our members.
"They need to understand that tomorrow and the day after tomorrow, we’ll continue to fight for our rights."
- Linda Nibango
Watch the video and find out more about Linda’s work and vision.
In September 2015, the Association of Hungarian Sex Workers (SZEXE) celebrated 15 years of work in the struggle for sex worker rights, the protection of sex workers, and the dismantlement of stigma.
SZEXE was established by predominantly street-based Roma sex workers and their allies who joined together to protest the introduction of a law regulating sex work. This is often described as the beginning of sex work activism in Hungary.
‘Tolerance Zones’
The law SZEXE protested was “drafted in order to push sex workers, mainly of Roma origin, out of the Józsefváros, Budapest’s 8th district, so that it could undergo rehabilitation and properties could be privatised more easily.” According to this law, municipalities counting a population of more than 50,000 or areas where sex work is considered to be pervasive had to identify the so-called ‘tolerance zones’. It was declared illegal to engage in sex work outside of these specified zones, however Hungarian authorities were reluctant to identify these zones. This pushed a significant number of sex workers towards illegal activity with a large proportion of them being fined or detained.
To further aggravate the difficult position of sex workers, there was an antagonistic relationship with the police:
“Sex workers fear the police rather than being able to depend on them for protection from violence or other crimes.” – SZEXE
Challenging Mistreatment
One of SZEXE’ priorities is to provide legal aid to sex workers, and the organisation has since its existence initiated numerous legal actions resulting in court orders for some districts of Budapest to “identify quasi-tolerance zones”. In spite of these orders, SZEXE has repeatedly witnessed and documented the mistreatment of sex workers by the police.
“Police took advantage of the lack of legal certainty surrounding these tolerance zones and unfairly targeted sex workers with fines in order to fill their quotas.” - SZEXE
In hundreds of cases, SZEXE has successfully challenged “the arbitrary fining and detention practices of the police.”
Since Hungary joined the EU in 2004, the association has also implemented innovative pioneering projects to “foster self-organisation of the community, to empower sex workers in providing HIV-related and paralegal services for their peers and become vocal advocates against marginalisation and poverty from grants of the European Social Fund”.
SZEXE also supports sex workers with peer education, migration counselling, community-based health services and entrepreneurial skills development, and has strengthened its national and international advocacy levels. As a result of its lobbying efforts and the production of a shadow report, the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) called on the Hungarian government to “adopt measures aimed at preventing discrimination against sex workers and ensure that legislation on their rights to safe working conditions is guaranteed at national and local levels”.
Hungary’s shrinking civil society
Despite battles won and numerous achievements so far, “the situation of sex workers and their mobilisation has worsened in recent years in Hungary”, according to SZEXE. As a result of the present right-wing government’s crackdown on civil society and specific NGOs, SZEXE is among the organisations that has lost “all major sources of domestic funding in a shrinking civil society space” whereas pro-government NGOs have been financed through a funding scheme to support ‘traditional family values and national identity building/strengthening’.
Another part of this worrying trend is a 2012 misdemeanour law, which has a disproportionate effect on marginalised groups including the Roma population, homeless persons, drug users and sex workers. The law has led to discrimination and disproportionate policing of sex workers who face “fines for non-compliance with vague sex work regulations or arbitrary fines…”. SZEXE states that in 2012 alone, over 14,000 misdemeanor cases were initiated against sex workers. This situation is compounded by the fact that sex workers have been left even more vulnerable by the lack of government’s commitment to address their right to health.
Inclusive movement(s)
In order to continue challenging discrimination, stigma and violation of human rights (not just in Hungary but globally), inclusive, diverse and strong movements must be built and sustained. SZEXE joined AWID as a member as a result of its participation in the 2012 AWID International Forum.
“The gathering was truly inspirational for SZEXE’s colleagues as it was the first time when they connected with the international feminist movement and learned about the – sometimes very similar – struggles of women worldwide.” – SZEXE
SZEXE’s participation in the Forum reinforced its awareness of the powerful possibilities of collective mobilisation within the global women’s rights movement(s). The organisation, “inspired by diverse voices and causes in the movement, speaks out against sexism, whorephobia, homophobia and transphobia, racism and classism present in too many societies.”
“SZEXE aims to contribute to a feminist movement that is inclusive of those women's needs and voices, who are often left behind by civil society groups and policy-making, for instance trans women, sex workers or migrants.” - SZEXE
Watch “Sex Workers Against the Tide” (Hungarian with English subtitles)
“Now I know we are all simply children of the universe.”
Menke Meijer’s path was often rocky. “I had mountains of sticks put in my wheels, people trying to stop me, but it has only helped me push harder and further”, she says. Her story is one of strength, dedication, vision, patience, liberation, and one of breaking down multiple barriers.
“I would have to say I’m fighting two fronts: the first being the fight for gender equality and the second being the fight against a history of colonization and racism.”
Menke at the Great Wall of China
As a Métis woman from a “very poor background”, Menke faced numerous obstacles, seeing her biggest challenge as “simply being a woman, and in certain cases being an aboriginal woman”. She has been confronted with sexism and racism. The stigma and dangers rooted in racism have influenced her way in finding her position and identity as an aboriginal woman. “My family was quite reluctant to speak about our origins” but eventually through Menke’s efforts they “started to open up on the subject.” During her undergraduate and graduate studies, Menke took all the courses she could on the subject of First Peoples in Canada in order to learn more about her origins.
“I’ve been working hard on decolonizing myself and helping my family in reclaiming our identities.”
Part of this work were decisions Menke took, and the biggest and most important being her “decision to pursue education”. She was aware that this “meant a dangerous gamble with hefty student debt” but she also realized that, in comparison to her previous experience in minimum wage work, this was a much more rewarding journey for her.
“I picked to pursue my passions no matter the hardship. It has changed who I am positively, as well as my life.”
Menke obtained a Bachelor’s degree in History from Concordia University in Montreal, winning a merit-based Gordon Ritchie Award/Scholarship. Yet, while studying about slavery, war, and genocide she felt frustrated and in addition to books, she wanted to “take action”. Menke decided to pursue a Master’s degree in Peace and Conflict Studies at the University of Waterloo, focusing her Master’s work on gender in conflict and peacebuilding, gender in humanitarian aid, and especially on women in China.
“I’m the first woman to hold a Bachelor’s and a Master’s degree on both sides of my family. I’m breaking down gender and racial barriers. I’ve never felt so alive and accomplished. I feel liberated.”
In China, Menke completed a five-month internship with UN Women, for her “an extraordinary experience in extraordinary settings.” During this time, she was invited as a guest speaker at Tsinghua University in Beijing for the Lean In MBA event where, through her own story, she spoke about overcoming ‘roadblocks’ women face in seeking education. As part of her story she shared, “I was raised by a single mother in poverty and had to face many challenges to further my education”.
Much of Menke’s work towards overcoming multiple challenges and striving for change has been pushed by anger, coming from obstacles that were in her way. “Anger can be destructive, but it can also be creative. My challenges anger me, but they also push me to strive for better.”
Striving for better also means having many dreams “for all women, no matter they be white, black, Asian, or any colour, creed or walk of life”. Menke wants “the world to validate women” as “nothing is more moving than being told that you are just a human”.
A bit more about Menke
She had the opportunity to be part of a team that helped establish the Global Peace Centre Canada (GPCC) in Waterloo, initiated by the director of the Master’s of Peace and Conflict Studies program Ziauddin Yousafzai (and Malala Yousafzai’s father). The vision and goal of the GPCC are peace and education for all boys and girls.
Menke was born in British-Columbia, grew up in Quebec and is currently living in Ontario, Canada.
Read Menke’s short story
She wrote a short story entitled “Feeding Wolves”, based on her life as a Métis woman and aboriginal peoples’ experiences in Canada. About the story Menke said that “only three characters are female…I did this on purpose to not only expose a theme of patriarchy that is strongly present in settler society even to this day, but to show how the women are missing from the narrative...”
